【文献与探索】PMM专刊:中国政府间关系的治理与财政
类别:政府治理
导言
Public Money & Management杂志在2018年第6期出版一期由主编James L. Chan和Xiaohu Wang联合担任特邀主编的专刊:“中国政府间关系的治理与财政”(Managing and financing China’s inter-governmental relations)。
(文献来源:Theme: Managing and financing China's inter-governmental relations, Guest editors: James L. Chan and Xiaohu Wang, Public Money & Management,2018, 38(6):411-460.)
对于一个有着14亿人口,五级政府架构下有超过4万个政府的超级大国来讲,政府间的财政和管理问题是中国治理的关键所在。这一专刊虽然也讨论政府间财政与管理的主要历史事件,但其重点在于探讨财政分权以及其他政府间关系的最新发展。这些问题对于中国二十世纪七十年代以来的经济和行政改革有着非常重要的影响。更重要的是,这一专刊突出了两个特别而没有引起足够重要的特征:第一,这一专刊包括一个关于香港与澳门特别行政区的研究,把“一国两制”这个制度安排与其他“非常规”的政府形式(例如经济特区、民族自治区)看作是解决特别个案的政策创新。第二,这一专刊指出了政府间合作的紧迫性,以解决不同地区不同政府所构成的政府间关系长期存在的难题。因此,对于任何想了解中国治理,特别是政府间关系的财政与管理的关键问题的读者来讲,这一专刊都不宜错过。
更多专刊信息,请查阅专刊链接:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09540962.2018.1486099
论文1:香港与澳门回归二十年:“一国两制”下的融合
(文献来源: Wong, W. and Xiao, H. (2018), Twenty years of Hong Kong and Macao under Chinese rule: being absorbed under ‘one country, two systems’. Public Money & Management, 38, 6, pp. 411–418.)
by 黄伟豪、肖汉宇
ABSTRACT: This paper examines the implementation of ‘one country, two systems’ (1C2S) in the two former Western colonies, Hong Kong and Macao, as a policy innovation in managing inter-governmental relations of a large, diverse country like China. 1C2S embodies internal tensions because the Hong Kong and Chinese governments have multiple and often incompatible goals. After 20 years, these two special administrative regions (SARs) of China are gradually being absorbed.
KEYWORDS: Chinese inter-governmental relations, Hong Kong, Macao, one country, two systems (1C2S), special administrative regions (SARs)
摘要:“一国两制”是中国应对众多而多样化的地方政府所进行的政府间关系的制度创新举措。这篇文章讨论香港与澳门的“一国两制”制度接近二十年的实践情况。这篇文章认为“一国两制”的制度安排本身含有内在的张力,因为特区政府时常与中央政府有着不同而不太兼容的政策目标。经过二十年的实践,这两个特别行政区逐渐地被吸纳进中国的治理结构当中。
原文链接: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09540962.2018.1486101
论文2:中国政府间财政关系的变革
(文献来源:Zhang, G. (2018), The revolutions in China’s inter-governmental fiscal system. Public Money & Management, 38, 6, pp. 419–426.)
by 张光
ABSTRACT: There were three periods in the development of China’s inter-governmental fiscal system. In the first period (1950s to 1979), local governments collected tax revenues and remitted upward to the central government. Reforms during the next two periods made revolutionary changes to the system. The tax-sharing system (established in 1994) provides for revenue centralization, spending decentralization, and large central transfers to local governments. This system remains largely in force.
KEYWORDS: Chinese fiscal system, Chinese inter-governmental fiscal system (IFS), fiscal decentralization, tax-sharing system
摘要:中国政府间财政关系的发展可以分为三个阶段。第一阶段(二十世纪五十年代至1979年),地方政府对征税负责并上缴给中央政府。接下来在第二和第三阶段的财政改革使得原来的财政体制发生了根本性的变革。分税制改革(1994年建立)使得收入更加集中,支出变得更加分权,和给地方更多转移支付。目前的财政体制仍然如此运行。
原文链接: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09540962.2018.1486104
论文3:中国社会保障体系的中央与地方财政权责研究
(文献来源:Yu, H., Wang, L. and Zhao, Z. (2018), Central– provincial sharing of financial responsibilities for China’s social safety-net. Public Money & Management, 38, 6, pp. 427–436.)
by 于洪、汪立、赵志荣
ABSTRACT: Using Chinese provincial panel data from 2004 to 2014, this paper describes the division of fiscal responsibilities in basic social assistance and services (BSAS): China's social safety-net programme. The results suggest that there has been a recentralization—provinces with weaker economic conditions rely more on central governmental transfers, showing signs of fiscal equalization. The authors did not find any evidence of ethnicity-based preferential treatments.
KEYWORDS: Dynamic panel data analysis, fiscal decentralization, inter-governmental fiscal relations, social welfare policy
摘要:采用2004至2014年中国省级面板数据,这篇文章分析了基本社会援助与服务—作为中国建立社会保障网络的项目—财政责任的划分问题。结果显示责任的分工有着重新集权的趋势:经济条件稍差的省份更加依赖于中央政府的财政转移,显示出财政均等化的信号。但这篇文章并没有发现任何证据显示中央的转移支出有向少数民族倾斜的政策倾向。
原文链接: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09540962.2018.1486105
论文4:中国食品安全规制中的中央与地方合作
(文献来源: Chu, M. and Wang, J. (2018), Central–local collaboration in regulating food safety in China. Public Money & Management, 38, 6, pp. 437–343.)
by 朱湄、王建华
ABSTRACT: This paper analyses how China's inter-governmental arrangements have functioned in different ways to reduce food risk. While there is greater transparency, consistency, and inclusiveness in the process of setting food safety standards than in the past, the central government has almost exclusive power over these standards. Local governments are mainly responsible for gathering timely information and enforcing standards. This institutional design has redistributed costs for both the food producers and regulators alike, and enhanced public participation.
KEYWORDS: China, collaborative governance, food safety, inter-governmental relations, regulatory regime
摘要:这篇文章分析中国政府间如何进行制度安排以减少食品风险。虽然与过去相比,制定食品安全标准的透明度、连贯性和包容性都大大提高了,但是中央政府在设定食品安全标准时都具有绝对的权力。地方政府只负责及时地收集信息和执行这些由中央制定的标准。这个制度设计对食品供应商和规制者的成本都有影响,也提升了民众的参与程度。
原文链接: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09540962.2018.1486107
论文5:中国大都市公共服务的管理与财政:来自珠三角地区的经验
(文献来源: Xie, B., Ye, L. and Shao, Z. (2018), Managing and financing metropolitan public services in China: experience of the Pearl River Delta region. Public Money & Management, 38, 6, pp. 445–452.)
by 谢宝剑、叶林、邵梓捷
ABSTRACT: Under China’s current fiscal policies and inter-governmental relations, it is a significant challenge to finance and deliver public services across jurisdictions. This challenge was met in the Pearl River Delta region in southern China with a collaborative governance approach. Directives from higher-level governments and horizontal inter-city fiscal arrangements were successfully combined to deliver public services. Effective networks should be developed to improve co-ordination and collaboration in delivering cross-jurisdictional public services.
KEYWORDS: Collaborative governance, fiscal policy, inter-city public services, inter-governmental relationships, network governance, Pearl River Delta region
摘要:在中国目前的财政政策和政府间关系条件下,跨地区的财政和公共服务供给是一个非常大的挑战。而珠三角地区通过一个合作治理的办法成功地应对了这个挑战。来自于上级的政策和同级政府之间的财政安排成功地结合起来为市民提供了有效的公共服务。因此,为了提供跨地区的公共服务,有效的网络应当建立起来以提升政府间的协调与合作能力。
原文链接: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09540962.2018.1486627
论文6:评论:中国行政管理与财政—呼吁新理论、新研究与对话
(文献来源:Chan, J. L. (2018), Review: Chinese public administration and finance—a call for a new theory, research and dialogue. Public Money & Management, 38, 6, pp. 453–460.)
by 陈立齐
ABSTRACT: In implementing its national strategy to achieve global leadership, China needs a new public administration theory that integrates political administration, economic management and social regulation. Even so, China has already started to promote its brand of political and economic development abroad. Therefore new comparative research and dialogue is called to explore the universality of Chinese and Western public administration ideas.
KEYWORDS: China national goals, China national governance, Chinese public administration, comparative public administration, national power
摘要:为了执行其国家战略以达致全球领导者的角色,中国需要新的公共管理理论以整合政治领导、经济管理以及社会治理。即使如此,中国已经开始在国际舞台上建构其政治与经济发展的路子。因此,有必要进行新的比较研究以及对话,以探讨普遍适用于中国与西方的公共行政理论。
原文链接: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09540962.2018.1486628
附参考文献参考文献附参考文献
略
【治理与反思】中国的财政分权、均等化与省内不平等
【文献与探索】地方政府的公共价值和财务评级功能的蠕变
【治理与反思】非营利组织的收入多样性:财政环境的影响
【文献与探索】AJPS专刊:“亚洲政策与决策中的试验”
【治理与反思】社会资本、经济发展和政府质量:社会资本和经济发展间的相互作用是如何影响政府质量的
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